Mpasi ya miso
Mpasi ya miso, eyebani mpe bo bokono ya miso to bogungisi ndenge ya komona, eza mpasi eye esalaka moto kobungisa malembe malembe makoki ya komona kino na lolenge loye lomemaka mikakatano miye mikoki te kosalisama bo momesano, neti na bosaleli maneti.[1][2] Mosusu ezalaka mpe na baye bazali na makoki moke mpo na komona mpo ete bazangi maneti to ba lentilles ya contact.[1] Mpasi ya miso mingi mingi elimbomalaka bo kobongisa malamu koleka bomoni malamu mpeza na mabe likolo ya 20/40 to 20/60.[3] Liloba bolanda basalelaka yango mpo na baye babungisi makoki nionso ya komona to baza pene ya kobungisa makoki nionso ya komona.[3] Mpasi ya miso ekoki komemela batu mikakatano na misala mya bango ya mokolo na mokolo neti kotambwisa motuka, kotanga, kosangana na baninga, mpe kotambola.[2]
Ntina ya mpasi ya miso eye eyebani mpeza mokili mobimba eza pupille kozanga kosala ndenge elongobani (43%), cataracts (33%), mpe glaucome (2%).[4] Pupille kozanga kosala ndenge elongobani ekoki kozala mpasi na komona pene, mpasi na komona mosika, mpasi ya miso na botatoli biloko biye bilandani, mpe astigmatisme.[4] Cataracts eza ntina eye eyebani mpeza mpo na bolanda.[4] Mikakatano misusu miye mikoki komema nkokoso na miso eza dégénérescence maculaire kolandana na mibu ya moto, rétinopathie diabétique, opacification cornéenne, bolanda ya bomwana, mpe ba infections misusu ya ndenge na ndenge.[5] Mpasi ya miso ekoki mpe kouta na nkokoso misusu yakati ya bongo kolandana na accident vasculaire cérébral, mbotama mobeso, to traumatisme na mpe makambo misusu.[6] Makambo oyo ndenge na ndenge mayebani bo mpasi ya miso kouta na cortex.[6] Komema bana epayi ya monganga mpo ete atala nkokoso nini ekoki kozala na miso nabango ekoki konetola lolenge loye miso nabango mikosala na mikolo mikoya mpe kozala na ndenge ya kosilisa kelasi.[7] Komema batu bakolo epayi ya monganga ya miso ekoki mpe kozala ya litomba.[2] Diagnostic epesamaka na sima ya bosali examen ya miso.[2]
Organisation Mondiale ya Santé emoni ete 80% ya ba mpasi ya miso ekoki kozala prévenu to kobikisama na ba nkisi.[4] Nakati nayango eza cataracts, the infections bolanda ya mingala mpe miso ya poti, glaucome, rétinopathie diabétique, pupille kozanga kosala ndenge elongobani, mpe mikakatano misusu ya bolanda ya bomwana.[8] Batu mingi oyo baza na mpasi ya miso bazwaka lisungi ya réadaptation ya miso, mbongwana na nzinga nzinga nabango, mpe baappareil ya kosalisa bango.[2]
Na mobu ya 2012, 285 million ya batu bazalaki na mpasi ya miso nakati nabango 246 million bazalaki na makoki moke ya komona mpe 39 million bazalaki balanda.[4] Ebele ya batu baye baza na makoki moke ya komona baza na ba pays en voie de dévéloppement mpe baza na mibu koleka 50.[4] Taux ya baye baza na mpasi ya miso ekitaki uta mobu ya 1990.[4] Ba mpasi ya miso ememaka misolo ebele ya nkita ezala mpo na talo ya nkisi to mpe mpo na bobungisi makoki ya kosala mosala.[9]
References
kokoma- ↑ 1,0 et 1,1 "Change the Definition of Blindness". http://www.who.int/blindness/Change%20the%20Definition%20of%20Blindness.pdf?ua=1. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 et 2,4 "Blindness and Vision Impairment". February 8, 2011. http://www.cdc.gov/healthcommunication/ToolsTemplates/EntertainmentEd/Tips/Blindness.html. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
- ↑ 3,0 et 3,1 Maberley, DA; Hollands, H; Chuo, J; Tam, G; Konkal, J; Roesch, M; Veselinovic, A; Witzigmann, M et al. (March 2006). "The prevalence of low vision and blindness in Canada.". Eye (London, England) 20 (3): 341–6. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6701879. PMID 15905873.
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 et 4,6 "Visual impairment and blindness Fact Sheet N°282". August 2014. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
- ↑ (en) GLOBAL DATA ON VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS 2010, WHO, 2012 (lire en ligne), p. 6
- ↑ 6,0 et 6,1 Lehman, SS (September 2012). "Cortical visual impairment in children: identification, evaluation and diagnosis.". Current opinion in ophthalmology 23 (5): 384–7. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283566b4b. PMID 22805225.
- ↑ Mathers, M; Keyes, M; Wright, M (November 2010). "A review of the evidence on the effectiveness of children's vision screening.". Child: care, health and development 36 (6): 756–80. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01109.x. PMID 20645997.
- ↑ "Causes of blindness and visual impairment". http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/en/. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
- ↑ Rein, DB (13 December 2013). "Vision problems are a leading source of modifiable health expenditures.". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 54 (14): ORSF18-22. doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12818. PMID 24335062.